Cognition is an exceptionally complex, essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. Cognition is sometimes defined as the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. In simple terms, cognition means thinking. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language,…
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Formative assessment Scenario 1 Patrick is a 28-year-old white Scottish male; he has a diagnosis of mild learning disability and Autism. Patrick has epilepsy, which is poorly controlled with Sodium Valproate (500mg twice daily), and his mood is stabilized using Citalopram (20mg daily). Patrick lives in shared accommodation, he shares with one housemate. The housemate has only recently moved into the accommodation following placement by the local authority. The house receives visiting support each day for four hours; Patrick receives…
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves the reduced ability to emotionally interpret communication, idiosyncratic preoccupations, repetitive motor patterns, sensory sensitivity, and resistance to change. Typically signs such as failure to respond to one’s name, or make eye contact with parents lead to the earliest diagnosis around age two. As usually is the case, early diagnosis and intervention lead to better outcomes Generalized and recurring patterns of brain enlargement in early childhood of children who are eventually…
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“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by deficits in communication and social interaction, and the engagement in restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviours” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Due to this, the child will have trouble functioning in work, school, and other areas of life. For example, if routines change this is something a child with ASD will struggle to cope with. As autism affects the child in different ways, this in turn can have an adverse effect…
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Research studies in the past have examined the effect of music therapy on socio-emotional reciprocity in children with ASD (Kim, Wigram, & Gold, 2009; Srinivasan et al., 2015; Thompson, McFerran, & Gold, 2013; Venuti et al., 2017). In the first study of this section, Kim et al. (2009) investigated the characteristics of musical interaction that motivate interpersonal engagement between the therapist and the child. Ten children aged 3 to 5 were recruited from a psychiatric institution for examination in the…
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Introduction The term “streetcorner psychiatrist” is from Teplin and Pruett (1992) who created the term to describe how police are the first to interact with the mentally ill since after deinstitutionalization, a dramatic shift in the mental health care system impacting the mentally ill. This study was published in the International Journal of Law and Psychiatry with data comprising of over 2,000 civilians. The mentally ill observed almost double the rate of being arrested compared to a non-ill person (Teplin…
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I. Introduction Autism is a condition that is present from birth or very early in development that affects essential human behaviours such as social interaction, the ability to communicate ideas and feelings, imagination, and the establishment of relationships with others. It usually has life-long effects on just how children acquire to be social beings, look after themselves, and to join in the community. Autism has grown into the most common neurological and developmental disorder detected in children nowadays. There is…
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Have you ever seen a child or adult who is acting weird and not their age? It is not their fault but they have a genetic disorder called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this paper, the reader will have a good understanding of what autism is. This paper contains a lot of information regarding this topic. Autism, for some reason is starting to become more common in the United States with a 1 in 59 ratio. What is Autism? Autism…
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‘Children with autism are colorful – they are often very beautiful and, like the rainbow, they stand out.’ (Devine, 2014). In life there are sunny days as well as blustery days, which in some cases can be a great or terrible day. Meeting and knowing an individual that has autism spectrum disorder is an experience for those who do not have autism, to learn that not all people are the same. People with autism are blessings to those who nurtured,…
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Autism Spectrum Disorder is a Neurodevelopmental disorder this diagnosis can lead to impairments in both verbal and nonverbal communication, social interaction and repetitive restricted behaviour – The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), according to The American Psychiatric Association (APA 2013). The above statement is a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, if one is reading this for the first time and you are autistic how does it make you feel? The concept of neurodiversity in relation to autism…
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In this research project, I am going to research if autism is either a disease or a variant of the norm. I personally know someone who has autism and have direct contact with them a lot, this made me question myself more and more about, what it involves. Due to the lack of results from the many types of research taking place to know more about it, I decided to combine the information that has been successfully published to reach…
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Within the 1940s disabled individuals were identified as ‘abnormal’. Medical sociologist Talcott Parsons identified individuals whom did not fit in with the ‘norm’ of society as ‘sick’ or ‘disabled’, and therefore viewed them as ‘deviant[s]’, and as a threat to the maintenance of a ‘healthy’ society” (Mallet & Cole, 2014). This established the medical model of disability. The medical model establishes disablement as a physiological “flaw of the individual” (Singer, 2017). This medical label prevents the individual from being accepted…
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For this summative piece, I have decided to look at ‘What is the impact on parents when having a child on the autism spectrum disorder.’ I believe this to be an important topic worth discussing due to the focus usually being on the child rather than their parents. This leaves the parents feeling neglected that they do not have the support. I think if they had support, they would not feel neglected therefore the feelings that come with feeling neglected…
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Introduction Behavior is commonly characterized as a response to stimuli, regardless of whether internal or external, that changes an organism’s response to its habitat. Animals run, stay still, or counterstrike to predators; in response to external and internal stimuli birds construct complex and distinguished nests; plants show positive phototropism; and humans behave in both simple and complex ways depending on their keenness and culture. Behavior depends on the expression of the genotype of an organism, which takes happens inside a…
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ASD prevails to be a very serious mental illness that results in the under-domestication of traits. It completely changes the life of the diagnosed and their families. Many educators lack the knowledge needed to properly accommodate for their studies with ASD. Furthermore, people in society also lack this information which leads to feelings of isolation for people with ASD and their families. But there are also people with over-domesticated traits. This is known as schizophrenia and this devastating mental illness…
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Autism is one of world’s most problematic disorder in the world. 1 in 40 children are more than likely to develop that disease because of brain abnormalities in the brain structure or function. Having autism doesn’t make you weird or unlike everyone else, it makes you unique in your own special way. In a lot of families, Autism gives off an impression of being an example of chemical imbalance or related disabilities further supporting the hypothesis that the confusion of…
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Introduction Of Pakistan: Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212,742,631 people. In area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a semi industrialized economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector and a growing services sector. Pakistan’s political history since independence has been characterized by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with India. The country continues…
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Each one of the articles employ similar approaches to tackling the inaccurate idea that vaccines can induce autism. By this, I mean each of the articles structure a very logical argument against this belief about vaccines. This is accomplished primarily by presenting a series of evidence, rooted in research and studies which span the world, in which there is a unanimous conclusion between all three articles that no such link exists. Though all of the texts refer to Wakefield’s work,…
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My essay is going to be based on, the ongoing controversial debate as to whether there is a link between the Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine in causing autism. I have chosen a media headline story that is related to this subject, and I will back it up with credible sources from journal articles. The MMR vaccine introduced in 1988 ‘is a safe and effective combined vaccine that protects against 3 separate illnesses – measles, mumps and rubella –…
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Through the past years, parental refusal of child vaccinations has steadily increased throughout the United States in pediatrics and public health. Although vaccines have been considered to be one of the greatest public health achievements, it has recently taken a fall due to rising concern with the connection to autism.1 Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complicated condition in which there is a deficiency in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, obsessive behavior, and repetitive movements that…
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Generally, parents play an important role in any child’s life until they reach adulthood. However, when it comes to the kids diagnosed with Autism, in this scenario, the parents’ role becomes more crucial. To support their child to cope with the disorder. Parents have to play different roles like a teacher, therapist, and so on. In the process, parents may not be able to concentrate on the other kids in the family. As they focus their full attention on the…
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Autism is a developmental disorder that affects one’s physical, social, and language skills. It is considered to be a very heterogeneous (widely diverse) condition affecting at least 400,000 people in the U.S. alone. Most people with this disease are diagnosed before the age of three and tend to show symptoms like difficulty communicating, abnormalities in socialization, as well as interests. While there is no cure, there is a wide span of treatments targeted towards things like speech and communication. Examples…
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Mark Haddon effectively immerses readers in a new world of experience and insight through the viewpoint of a person with implied autism. He showcases this through the individual’s behavioural problems displayed and the challenges faced whilst raising a child with these conditions. Also, Haddon displays this through the enlightenment of the apprehension towards change that a person with this disorder may exhibit. In the novel ‘The curious incident of the dog in the night-time’ (the curious incident) Christopher, who is…
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Autism is a mental condition that affects children the most, however, it can affect adults too as it’s an incurable disability, so children grow up having that condition throughout their lives. Autistic children often are not able to form relationships, it’s very hard for them to even show affection at times even to their family. Depending on how severely autistic an individual is they often show these symptoms which are; avoiding eye contact, difficulty in communicating with others, and also…
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There has been and there currently is an anti-vaccination movement going on that is based on bad information that has been found to be incorrect and debunked many times over. Many parents are worried about giving their children vaccinations because they have been led to believe that vaccines can cause and have been linked to autism. However, this belief is false, and the results of parents not vaccinating their children have led to a resurgence of diseases and risks to…
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Introduction “Vaccines Safety: Evidence- Based Research Must Prevail” an article by Dr. Kathleen Ahern Gould, RN that was published in Dimension of Critical Care Nursing. She also teaches at Boston College. This article is an argument about a debate that has been happening for the past few decades. The argument is that vaccinations that are given at birth and then routinely throughout later years cause Autistic tendencies in children. There are five main sections in this article including Vaccine Safety:…
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What this paper is going to talk about is defining autism, how it affects parents, and what are the treatments to help resolve that issue. Many cases with autism is many children 12 to 18 months are already showing signs that are beyond normal behavior. Autistic children are known to show negative or odd behavior as an adolescent. Researchers do not know the cause of autism, but only find that there is a difference inside their brains of processing information….
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Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) defined as neurodevelopmental condition that has affect on 3 main domains: (1)Language delay, (2)social interaction and impairment communication, (3) repetitive actions (1). Also, autistic mostly associated with intellectual disability, gastrointestinal disorders, epilepsy and immune disorders. The word “autism” was first used by Kanner in 1943 (2). Etiology of ASD remaining unknown but genetic factor play a major role in ASD, with heritability estimates from twin studies as high as 90%(3). The prevalence of ASD without…
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